Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 utilizes nested paging on AMD Barcelona Processor to improve performance of virtualized guestsRed Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 utilizes nested paging on AMD Barcelona Processor to improve performance of virtualized guests

Red Hat® Enterprise Linux® (RHEL) 5.1 provides paravirtualized (PV) drivers for guest operating systems to improve I/O performance for I/O intensive disk or network applications.
In addition, RHEL 5.1 supports a feature called “nested paging,” available on AMD Barcelona processors, that translates guest virtual memory addresses to machine physical addresses using two-level translation in the hardware. Without nested paging, the hypervisor marks all page table pages as read only. So whenever the guest tries to update a page table, the call is trapped by the hypervisor that does the update. The shadow page tables on the guest are refreshed on a context switch, resulting in TLB misses on the guest. With nested paging, page tables are not refreshed with context switches, lowering the TLB miss count. The hypervisor also does not need to trap the updates to the page tables, since the hardware does the translation.
We ran a series of tests with an online transaction processing (OLTP) workload on Oracle 10G databases. We used this workload because it is a very common type of database implementation that uses both memory and I/O sub-systems. The test results demonstrate the performance gains achieved by using nested paging and PV drivers.

As the table below shows, adding nested paging almost doubles the performance for this workload, which uses the memory sub-system aggressively, as there are many page modifications. However it is still quite a bit off the performance numbers from the base system because I/O is still going through the emulation layer. When both nested paging and PV drivers are combined, we were able to get to 75% of bare metal and 3.5 times the performance on a fully virtualized guest on this I/O intensive workload.
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